What are histones?

Histones are proteins that play a crucial role in the packaging and regulation of DNA within the cell nucleus. They are fundamental components of chromatin, the substance that makes up chromosomes. By wrapping around DNA, histones help to condense it, allowing it to fit within the nucleus while also playing a key role in regulating gene expression. This structural organization is essential for proper DNA replication and transcription, making histones integral to maintaining cellular processes. Their interactions with DNA not only support the physical integrity of the genetic material but also help in the accessibility of particular genes for transcription, thereby influencing which genes are turned on or off in a cell.