What is the basic structure of chromosomes?

The basic structure of chromosomes includes two sister chromatids that are joined at a region called the centromere. This configuration is fundamental to the organization of genetic material during cell division. Each chromatid is a complete DNA molecule that carries the genetic information necessary for the organism’s development and functioning.

When a cell prepares to divide, it duplicates its DNA, resulting in two identical strands (sister chromatids). These chromatids remain attached at the centromere until separation occurs during mitosis or meiosis, allowing for equal distribution of genetic material to the daughter cells.

This characteristic structure is crucial for the proper segregation of chromosomes, ensuring that each new cell inherits the correct amount of genetic information. Other options describe incorrect configurations or features of chromosomes, highlighting the unique nature of the chromatids and centromere in chromosome structure.