What two components make up chromosomes?

Chromosomes are primarily composed of proteins and DNA. The DNA in chromosomes contains the genetic information necessary for the development, functioning, and reproduction of living organisms. Meanwhile, proteins play crucial structural and functional roles in maintaining the structure and organization of chromosomes. They help in packaging the DNA into a compact form that fits within the cell nucleus and also assist in regulating gene expression.

Understanding this composition is fundamental in genetics and cell biology, as the interaction between DNA and proteins is vital for processes such as DNA replication, transcription, and repair. This knowledge underscores the significance of proteins in modulating how genetic information is utilized and maintained within cells.