What is the main function of introns in eukaryotic genes?

Introns play a significant role in eukaryotic genes as intervening sequences that do not code for proteins. During the process of gene expression, particularly in eukaryotes, the initial RNA transcript, known as pre-mRNA, includes both exons (coding regions) and introns (non-coding regions).

The primary function of introns is to be removed from the pre-mRNA during RNA splicing, which takes place before the mRNA is translated into protein. This process allows for the joining of exons to form a continuous coding sequence that can be translated into a functional protein. Additionally, the presence of introns can also contribute to the complexity of gene regulation and alternative splicing, enabling a single gene to give rise to multiple protein isoforms.

While introns do not encode for proteins themselves, they can influence gene expression and the overall structure of the mRNA, making them important for the proper regulation and functioning of genes within eukaryotic cells. Their role is crucial in providing flexibility in post-transcriptional modifications, which can ultimately affect the phenotype of an organism.