What is the purpose of a Punnett square?

The purpose of a Punnett square is to predict the probabilities of the offspring inheriting specific physical traits based on the genetic combinations of the parents. By organizing the alleles from each parent in a grid format, the Punnett square allows for the visualization of all possible genetic outcomes for a given trait, thereby providing a clear and systematic way to forecast what traits the offspring may express.

This method is particularly useful in understanding inheritance patterns, such as dominant and recessive traits, by showing the potential combinations of alleles that can result from a cross. Consequently, it helps in estimating the likelihood of the offspring displaying particular characteristics based on the parental genotypes.

The other options focus on different aspects of genetics. Representing the genetic structure of an organism is more aligned with genetic mapping or genotype representation, while demonstrating natural selection involves broader ecological and evolutionary principles. Visualizing dominant alleles pertains to a more general idea rather than the structured prediction of traits provided by a Punnett square.