What occurs during the Translation stage of Protein Synthesis?

During the translation stage of protein synthesis, RNA is used as a template to synthesize proteins. This process occurs after transcription, where messenger RNA (mRNA) is created from a DNA template. During translation, the ribosome reads the sequence of mRNA and utilizes transfer RNA (tRNA) to bring the appropriate amino acids that correspond to each codon (three-nucleotide sequence) in the mRNA strand. As the ribosome moves along the mRNA, it facilitates the formation of peptide bonds between amino acids, ultimately assembling them into a polypeptide chain, which then folds into a functional protein.

In this context, the other options represent different stages or concepts in gene expression or cell division. DNA copying to produce RNA refers to transcription, while RNA transcription from DNA is the same process, just phrased differently. The division of the cell into two identical cells describes cellular division, which is unrelated to the protein synthesis process. These processes are essential to cell function and genetics, but they occur at different stages in the life cycle of gene expression, with translation specifically focusing on protein synthesis.