What term best describes the involvement of both genetic and environmental factors in producing a trait or condition?

The term that best describes the involvement of both genetic and environmental factors in producing a trait or condition is multifactorial inheritance. Multifactorial inheritance refers to traits that are influenced by multiple genes (genetic factors) and environmental conditions, leading to a complex interaction that shapes the final outcome observed in an individual.

For instance, traits such as height, skin color, and susceptibility to diseases can be determined not only by the individual's genetic makeup but also by environmental influences such as nutrition, lifestyle, and exposure to various factors. This interplay makes it challenging to predict the inheritance of such traits precisely, as changes in environmental factors can significantly affect their expression.

On the other hand, polygenic inheritance pertains specifically to traits controlled by multiple genes, without necessarily considering environmental influences. Pleiotropy refers to a single gene affecting multiple traits or conditions. Genetic drift involves random fluctuations in the frequency of alleles in a population across generations and does not directly address the interaction between genetics and the environment.